| 罗妍钰,李才亮,陈国华.螺旋碳纤维的制备:形貌控制与生长机理[J].材料导报,2018,32(9):1442-1451 |
| 螺旋碳纤维的制备:形貌控制与生长机理 |
| Fabrication of Carbon Microcoils:Morphology Control and Growth Mechanism |
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| DOI：10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.09.008 |
| 中文关键词: 螺旋碳纤维 微观形貌 生长机理 |
| 英文关键词: carbon microcoil, micromorphology, growth mechanism |
| 基金项目:华侨大学高分子与纳米新材料创新团队资助项目(Z14X0046)；福建省科技项目(2017H2001) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 螺旋碳纤维自被发现以来,因其独特的三维螺旋结构引起了研究人员的关注。探究螺旋碳纤维的制备方法及其影响因素,对研究螺旋碳纤维的生长机理有着重要的作用。螺旋碳纤维是具有规则螺旋线圈或扭转结构的碳纤维,目前制备的螺旋碳纤维主要有单螺旋碳纤维和双螺旋碳纤维。碳纤维具有密度小、拉伸强度高、拉伸模量高、热导率好、导电以及电磁屏蔽波特性等特点,并且其力学性能、热性能及电性能都具有显著的各向异性。螺旋碳纤维不但具有与碳纤维类似的优异性能,并且所具有三维螺旋结构还赋予其良好的弹性、独特的电磁学以及生物催化等特性,在电子器件、手征催化、智能材料、隐身吸波材料、高性能和多功能复合材料等领域有着潜在的应用前景。 然而,如何得到螺旋形貌规整的碳纤维、螺旋碳纤维的手性拆分和分散问题以及螺旋碳纤维的规模性可控制备一直是研究的难点和关键。近年来,研究者们一直对螺旋碳纤维的生长机理及生长动力进行探究,通过构建合理的生长模型表明促进剂以及催化剂的晶型和尺寸等对碳纤维的双螺旋结构有着关键影响。 目前已能通过调控不同的制备条件制得形貌规整、结构均一的螺旋碳纤维,对其在各个领域的应用进行了一定的探索并取得了很大的成功。研究者们通过将螺旋碳纤维作为填料分散在复合材料中,利用螺旋碳纤维优异的性能,提高复合材料的综合性能或赋予复合材料的多功能性,以期实现复合材料在各个领域的应用。 本文归纳了螺旋碳纤维的制备与生长机理的研究进展,分别对螺旋碳纤维的制备条件以及研究者们对生长机理模型的探究进行了介绍,总结了通过调控制备方法、碳源种类、反应温度、催化剂种类、促进剂以及碳源与氢气进气量比值等条件下所得到的螺旋碳纤维的差异,从而对螺旋碳纤维的生长机理进行推测和讨论。本文分析了现阶段螺旋碳纤维所面临的问题并对螺旋碳纤维未来的发展进行了展望,以期为螺旋碳纤维的进一步可控制备和产业化发展提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Carbon microcoils (CMCs) attracts researchers’ attention due to their unique three-dimensional helical structure. The research of the carbon microcoils on the fabrication methods and influence play a prominent role in discussing the growth mechanism.CMCs is a kind of carbon fiber with regular coils or twisted structures, and mainly includes single-helix and double-helix carbon microcoils. CMCs not only has the similar excellent properties as carbon fiber, such as low density, high tensile strength, high tensile modulus, high thermal conductivity, high electric conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, but also shows anisotropy in mechanical properties, thermal properties and electrical properties. Carbon microcoils perform good elasticity, unique electromagnetism and biological catalysis, indicating its potential applications in electronic devices, chiral catalytic, intelligent materials, stealth absorbing materials, high performance and multifunctional composites. However, it has been the difficulty and the key points of the research to obtain the regular helix shape, chiral resolving, dispersion and mass control preparation of CMCs. In recent years, researchers have explored the growth mechanism and growth kinetics of CMCs by constructing a applicable growth model, and the result reveals that the accelerant , crystal form and size of catalyst have crucial impact on CMCs structure. Recently, CMCs with regular morphology and homogeneous structure has been obtained through regulating the fabrication conditions, and successfully applied in various fields. In order to enhance the comprehensive properties of composites, CMCs is added in working as filler, which can extend the composites application. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to thefabrication and growth mechanism of CMCs, and provides a accuratel descriptions about the fabrication factors and the research on the growth mechanisms of CMCs. The growth mechanisms of CMCs are speculated and discussed through the difference of CMCs from various conditions of preparation methods, types of carbon sources, reaction temperature, catalysts, accelerators and the ratio of carbon source to hydrogen gas intake. In this review, the future development of CMCs and problems which needs to be solved at this stage are proposed,which could be the reference for controllable preparation and industrialization of CMCs. |
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