| 王婧雯,张静静,范同祥.碳纳米管表面处理及其在铜基复合材料中的应用[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):2932-2939, 2948 |
| 碳纳米管表面处理及其在铜基复合材料中的应用 |
| Process in Surface Treatment of Carbon Nanotubes and ItsApplications to Copper Matrix Composites |
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| DOI：10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.006 |
| 中文关键词: 碳纳米管 表面处理工艺 铜基复合材料 |
| 英文关键词: carbon nanotube, surface treatment, copper matrix composite |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发专项课题(2017YFB0703101) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2138 |
| 全文下载次数: 909 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 碳纳米管因特殊结构带来的优异性能而被海内外学者广泛关注,以碳纳米管为增强相制备铜基复合材料是使铜基导体同时具有高强度和高导电性能的有效途径。然而,由于碳纳米管表面能高、表面反应活性低,碳纳米管/铜复合材料制备的过程中存在增强体分散性差和界面结合强度弱两大问题,从而阻碍了复合材料高性能的实现。在碳纳米管/铜复合材料的制备过程中,采用适当的方法对碳纳米管进行表面处理能改变碳纳米管的表面结构和反应活性,在改善碳纳米管的分散性的同时增强碳纳米管与铜基体的界面结合,从而提高碳纳米管的增强效率,保证复合材料良好的综合性能。 然而,表面处理过程可能会破坏碳纳米管的结构完整性,影响碳纳米管的本征性能,进而影响其增强效果,或可能在基体中引入其他杂质,影响复合材料的导电和导热性能。因此,在进行表面处理时应综合考虑其对碳纳米管结构性能及复合材料增强作用的影响。近年来,研究者们通过优化碳纳米管表面处理工艺突破了碳纳米管/铜复合材料在制备过程的难点,在保证铜基体优异的导电、导热性能的同时,大幅提高了碳纳米管/铜复合材料的力学性能。 碳纳米管表面处理工艺类型大致可分为机械球磨、化学表面改性、表面镀层和联合表面处理四类。传统的机械球磨表面处理对碳纳米管的结构破坏较大；化学表面改性又分为共价表面改性和非共价表面改性,非共价表面改性在保持碳纳米管完整的管状结构和优异性能的同时,提高了碳纳米管在溶液中的分散性,但用于复合材料制备时会给基体引入有机杂质,影响复合材料性能；共价表面改性和表面镀层是铜基复合材料制备过程中最为常用和有效的表面处理方法,其能够在提高碳纳米管在基体中的分散性能的同时改善碳纳米管表面的反应活性,从而形成碳纳米管和铜基体之间强度较高的反应结合界面,实现碳纳米管/铜复合材料高强高导的综合性能。此外,可通过综合利用各种表面处理方法,结合各表面处理工艺的优势,获得更为优异的改性效果。 本文从碳纳米管表面处理工艺的基本类型以及碳纳米管表面处理对铜基复合材料结构和性能的影响两方面阐述了碳纳米管表面处理在铜基复合材料中的应用和研究进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The excellent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from the special structure have attracted extensive attentions from researchers at home and abroad. The preparation of CNTs reinforced Cu matrix composites is an effective way to simultaneously achieve high strength and high conductivity of the copper conductor. Nonetheless, the high specific surface energy and poor reaction activity of CNTs have brought about two great challenges during the preparation of the CNTs/Cu composites, namely the agglomeration of CNTs and the poor interfacial bonding of the composites, which hinders the realization of high performance of CNTs/Cu composites. Surface treatment of CNTs can improve the surface structure and reactivity of CNTs, and further achieve a uniform CNTs dispersion and a strong interface bonding in the copper matrix composites, thus enhancing the efficiency of CNTs and high performance CNTs/Cu composites can be obtained. However, surface treatment may degrade the intrinsic properties and reinforcement efficiency of CNTs by damaging their structural integrity. Meanwhile, the impurities introduced by surface treatment may do harm to the electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNTs/Cu composites. As a result, the effects of CNTs surface treatment on both the properties of CNTs and the performance of CNTs/Cu composites should be taken into account seriously. Fortunately, researchers have broken through the key points in the preparation process of CNTs/Cu composites by optimizing the surface treatment process of CNTs in recent years. As a result, the mechanical properties of CNTs/Cu composites have been greatly improved and simultaneously the electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNTs/Cu composites have been achieved. Generally, there are four main methods of the surface treatment of CNTs, including mechanical ball milling, chemical surface modification, surface coating and combined surface treatment. Among them, the traditional mechanical ball milling would greatly damage the structure of CNTs. Chemical surface modification can be divided into covalent surface modification and non-covalent surface modification. The non-covalent surface modification can enhance the dispersion of the CNTs in solution while maintain their intact tubular structure and excellent properties. However, when it is applied to preparing the composites, a large number of organic impurities introduced cannot be completely removed, which limits the properties enhancement of the composites. Covalent surface modification and surface coating are the most commonly used and effective surface treatment methods in the preparation of copper matrix composites. They can improve the reactivity and dispersion performance of CNTs in the matrix, thus forming a strong reaction interface between CNTs and copper matrix. As a result, both the mechanical properties and the conductivity of CNTs/Cu composites would be enhanced. Moreover, a variety of surface treatment methods can be jointly used to take full advantage of each me-thod and obtain a better modification effect. In this article, research and application progress of surface treatment of carbon nanotubes in copper matrix composites are pre-sented based on different surface treatment approaches of CNTs and their effects on the structure and properties of the copper matrix composites, and the future directions regarding to the surface treatment study are proposed. |
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