| 李金灵,屈撑囤,朱世东,范夏韵,朱治辉.含油污泥热解残渣特性及其资源化利用研究概述[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3023-3032 |
| 含油污泥热解残渣特性及其资源化利用研究概述 |
| Characteristics and Reutilization of Pyrolytic Residues of Oily Sludge:an Overview |
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| DOI：10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.015 |
| 中文关键词: 含油污泥 热解残渣 残渣特征 资源化 |
| 英文关键词: oily sludge, pyrolytic residue, residue characterization, recycling |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项子课题(2016ZX05040-003)；陕西省青年科技新星计划项目(2017KJXX-49)；陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(18JS142；14JS085)；西安市科技计划项目(2017081CG/RC044(XASY003)；(XASY004))；西安石油大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于减量化、无害化、资源化处理含油污泥的要求,在高温焦化法处理含油污泥基础上发展起来的热解技术因处理彻底、减量减容效果好、资源回收率高、回收方式灵活且能固化污泥中的重金属等优点受到人们的广泛关注,被认为是最有发展空间和应用前景的污泥处理技术。在含油污泥热解三相产物中,液相产物主要为水和较低凝点的原油,气相产物一般为甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氢气等小分子气体,固相为残留在反应器内的固体剩余物,俗称残渣或残碳。目前,对含油污泥热解技术的研究主要集中于热解过程以及热解油及热解气的产率、性质分析与利用上,对热解残渣的研究较少。然而在含油污泥热解产物中残渣占有很大比例,且其含有未完全回收的油资源以及残留的重金属元素等,若得不到有效处理或利用,会造成二次污染。目前,含油污泥热解残渣已被列入《国家危险废物名录》。因此,热解残渣的处置及再利用已成为制约热解技术发展的瓶颈。 含油污泥热解残渣的基础特征是其再利用和处置中需要考虑的关键因素,研究者们通过对不同含油污泥热解后残渣的元素组成、结构特征研究后认为残渣主要由灰分和碳组成。其中,灰分为污泥高温热解后形成的氧化物及硫酸盐、碳酸盐等,并含有少量的重金属,而碳在残渣中的质量分数可达35%~50%。高的含碳量使残渣形成了具有中大孔、微孔结构特征的疏松多孔结构,这为其资源化利用奠定了基础。另外,含油污泥的来源、特性,热解工艺参数的改变,是否进行活化及活化方式(包括含油污泥的活化及热解残渣的活化)等都会影响到残渣的元素种类、含量及结构特征,是后续选择处置或利用方式的依据。 本文介绍了含油污泥热解后气、液、固三相产物,综述了含油污泥的特性、污泥的含水率、颗粒粒径、活化条件和热解终温、停留时间、升温速率等因素对热解残渣产率、元素组成、表面化学性质、孔隙结构、表面形貌等的影响规律,分析了残渣在吸附剂、催化剂、絮凝剂及富氢燃气制备等领域中的应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The requirement of reduction, harmlessness and reutilization for oily sludge treatment provokes researchers’ inte-rest upon the pyrolysis technology, which is developed on the basis of high temperature coking technology and is regarded as the most promising sludge treatment methodology owing to its advantages of entire disposal, high reduction effect, high recovery rate, flexible recycling and capability to immobilize heavy metals. The pyrolytic products of oily sludge include three phases:liquid products (water, low condensation point crude, etc.), gaseous products (usually methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.) and solid phase (residues in the reactor after pyrolysis reaction) which is generally called char. At present, research of oily sludge pyrolysis is mainly concentrated on pyrolysis process and yield and properties of pyrolytic oil and gas, while scant works have covered pyrolytic residues. The solid residues, which take a large portion of pyrolytic product and contain unrecovered oil and some heavy metals, will cause secondary pollution if not disposed of effectively. The pyrolytic residues of oily sludge has now been included in National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste, and the corresponding disposal and reutilization technology has become a thorny obstacle. The fundamental characteristics of pyrolytic residues is of crucial importance in disposal and reutilization. Analyses of the elemental composition and structure characteristics have revealed that the residues mainly contain ash and carbon, in which the former consists of oxides, sulfates, carbonates and a small amount of heavy metals, and the latter occupies about 35%—50% of residues total weight. The high carbon content leads to loose and porous structure featured by large pores and micropores, and in consequence, facilitates residues reutilization. In addition, the source and characteristics of oily sludge, the pyrolysis process parameters, the introduction of activation, activation methods (including oily sludge activation and residues activation), all these facts would affect the elemental types, content and structure of the residues, and further provide references for determining disposal and reutilization metho-dology. This article briefly introduces the gaseous, liquid and solid phase products of oily sludge pyrolysis, summarizes the effects of oil sludge characteristics, moisture content, particle size, activation condition, and pyrolysis temperature, holding time and heating rate on the productivity, elementary composition, surface chemical properties, pore structure and surface morphology of pyrolytic residues. It also outlines the application of pyrolytic residues in producing adsorbents, catalysts, flocculants and hydrogen-rich fuel gas. |
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