| 杨守禄,罗莎,章磊,姬宁,李丹,吴义强.木塑复合材料功能化改性研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3090-3098 |
| 木塑复合材料功能化改性研究进展 |
| An Overview on Functionalization Modification of Wood-plastic Composites |
| |
| DOI：10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.023 |
| 中文关键词: 木塑复合材料 阻燃抑烟 耐老化耐候 抗菌 功能化改性 |
| 英文关键词: wood-plastic composite, flame retardancy and smoke suppression, anti-aging and weathering resistance, antimicrobiality, functionalization modification |
| 基金项目:贵州省自然科学基金(黔科合基础[2016]1084)；贵州省林业科研课题(黔林科合J字[2015]17号)；贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2196)；贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2014]6020号；黔科合重大专项字[2015]6008号) |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 2050 |
| 全文下载次数: 800 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 木塑复合材料(WPC)是采用木质材料和塑料加工制备而成的一种绿色、环境友好新型材料,具有强度高、力学性能好、可循环使用及成本低等优势,被广泛应用于建筑材料、室内装饰材料、包装及运输材料和文化体育等领域。WPC不仅解决了废弃木质纤维材料综合利用率低及处理废弃木质纤维材料带来的环境污染等问题,而且有助于缓解废旧塑料引发的“白色污染”等重大环境问题,是废弃木质纤维和废旧塑料再生利用的一个趋势,具有广阔的市场空间和应用前景,已成为当今木质材料和塑料加工领域的研究热点之一。 然而,WPC中的木质材料和塑料都是易燃物质,且燃烧产生的烟易造成人员伤亡；WPC使用过程中容易受到自然环境的影响,显著降低其物理力学性能及耐久性能；同时,由于WPC中含有木质材料,使用过程中容易遭受微生物的侵袭和破坏,导致材料变质而影响使用,甚至危害人体健康。以上缺陷严重影响其使用范围和使用寿命。 近年来,研究者们致力于改善WPC的阻燃抑烟、耐老化、耐候及抗菌性能,取得了显著的成果。在实现阻燃抑烟、耐老化、耐候和抗菌功能化WPC时应用较为广泛的方法包括添加改性剂、对木质材料或塑料基体进行预处理、对WPC表面进行改性处理等。由于添加改性剂和对WPC进行表面处理具有操作简单、成本低等优势,已成为实现WPC功能化最常用的方法,可广泛用于WPC的加工。常用的阻燃抑烟剂包括聚磷酸胺(APP)、次磷酸铝(AHP)、纳米金属化合物、金属氢氧化物及含氮磷化合物等,耐老化剂、耐候剂包括受阻胺光稳定剂、紫外吸收剂、紫外线稳定剂及颜料等,抗菌剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米粘土、硼酸锌等。WPC表面改性处理主要是表面涂刷功能性涂料或接枝功能性试剂。目前,WPC的功能化研究集中于单一功能的增强,多功能的WPC有待进一步研究。 WPC功能化改性是拓宽其应用范围、延长使用寿命和提高安全使用性能的关键。本文综述了WPC阻燃抑烟改性、耐老化和耐候改性及抗菌改性等功能化改性的研究进展,介绍了WPC的阻燃抑烟、耐老化、耐候及抗菌性能等功能表征手段,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,提出了WPC功能化改性亟待解决的难题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Wood-plastic composites (WPC), a novel species of green and environment-friendly materials which are typically comprised of wood or other natural lignocellulosic fibers in a thermoplastic matrix, have found application in various fields, such as construction materials, indoor decoration materials, packaging and transportation materials, etc. due to their satisfactory perfor-mances like high strength, good mechanical properties, renewability and low production cost. The mass production of WPC cannot only solve both the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate of waste lignocellulosic fibrous materials and the corresponding environmental pollution from disposing of recycled woody materials, but also mitigate “white pollution” caused by waste plastics. WPC, a hot spot in wood and plastics processing, have become a substantial trend in the use of recycled wood and plastic materials and displayed extensive market potential and application prospect. Nevertheless, the wood and plastics in WPC are flammable materials which generate hazardous smoke while burning. The durability of WPC is easily affected by ambient climate conditions, including UV light, moisture, temperature changes and so on. Meanwhile, the high hydrophilicity of wood materials in WPC make them susceptible towards various biotic degradation factors and prone to microbial decay, which may seriously affect the uses, even harm to our health. These inadequacies of WPC deteriorate its perfor-mance, and restrict significantly its use and service life. The researchers worked together to improve the flame retardancy, weathering resistance, and antimicrobial property of WPC in recent years. The use of additives, the surface pretreatment of wood or plastics matrix, and the WPC surface modification are the common means and methods for functionalization modification, in which the use of additives and the WPC surface modification are widely used in WPC processing owing to their advantages of simple operation and low cost. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), nano-metallic compounds, metal hydroxides, and nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing compounds are commonly used flame retardant and smoke suppression agents in WPC processing. The problem in the weatherability of WPC can be partly solved by the incorporation of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), ultraviolet-absorbents (UAS), UV-stabilizers and pigments and so on. Nano-titania, nanoclay, zinc oxide etc. are also employed to impart antimicrobiality to WPC. For the WPC surface modification, functional coatings or functional reagents can be brushed or grafted on the composites surface. The WPC researches are focused on promoting the single function at present, while multifunctionalized WPC deserves further study. Functionalization modification is a key technique for expanding the application range, prolonging the usage life, and improving the service safety of WPC. This paper reviews the recent progress in modification techniques with respect to flame retardancy and smoke suppression, anti-aging and weathering resistance, and antimicrobiality of WPC, as well as the properties characterization methodology for the correspondingly acquired functions. It also sketches out the future prospect and the challenge that fetters the development of functionalization modification of WPC. |
|
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
